Electical Method: a mechanical method used for introducing DNA into host cells through the cell membrane, this method utilizes an electric pulse which temporarily disrupts the phosphobilipid layer, which enables the DNA to pass into the host cells (Purves et. Al., 2001)

The instrument used for electroporation generates electric pulses which are bipolar. This electric pulse by disrupting the lipid bilayer, results in the formation of aqueous pores in the membrane.  The cells are prepared for electroporation by mixing it with pulsing buffer prior to the addition of DNA, low-ionic strength buffer such as 10% glycerol/90% water is used for this. After the uptake of the DNA through the pores into the host cells, the pores close naturally. The transformation efficiency by electroporation is better than that of chemical transformation and less time-consuming and the transformation rate is higher than that of the chemical transformation. It has been shown that using low amplitude for long duration is beneficial over high amplitude for shorter period as the cells survive better in the former conditions.